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Small Business Glossary of Terms

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504 Loan Program
Includes a loan secured with a senior lien from a private-sector lender covering up to 50% of the project cost, a loan secured with a junior lien from the Certified Development Company (backed by a 100% SBA-guaranteed debenture) covering up to 40% of the cost, and a contribution of at least 10% equity from the small business being helped.
 
7(a) Loan Guaranty Program
The 7(a) Loan Guaranty Program is one of SBA's primary lending programs. It provides loans to small businesses unable to secure financing on reasonable terms through normal lending channels. The program operates through private-sector lenders who provide loans which are, in turn, guaranteed by the SBA – the Agency has no funds for direct lending or grants.
 
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A

A/P
Accounts Payable
 
A/R
Accounts Receivable
 
ACH
Automated Clearing House
 
Agency Guaranty
A commercial loan written with a guaranty of a private or municipal agency guarantying the loan payment to the lending institution, like the SBA.
 
Appraised Value
The value placed on an item, product or business by an appraiser, recognized for expertise in a particular field.
 
Asset
The entire property of a person, association, corporation, or estate applicable or subject to the payment of debts.
 
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B

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C

C Corporation
A separate legal entity once it is formed, so it must file its own taxes and be responsible for its dealings. It can have unlimited numbers of shareholders, and those shareholders can be any kind of legal entity. Additionally, since corporations are taxed on their income and shareholders have to claim dividends as taxable income themselves, shareholders of a "C" corporation are double taxed on their dividend income.
 
CFFO
Cash Flow from Operations
 
CPA
Certified Public Accountant
 
CRA
Community Reinvestment Act
 
Cash Flow
The movement of money into and out of your business.
 
Cash Flow Statement
An accounting presentation showing how much of the cash generated by the business remains after both expenses (including interest) and principal repayment on financing are paid.
 
Certified Development Company
A non-profit corporation set up to contribute to the economic development of its community.
 
Collateral
Something of value – securities, evidence of deposit or other property – pledged to support the repayment of an obligation.
 
Commercial Mortgage
A mortgage loan written for a business purpose with a building used as collateral.
 
Commercial Paper
Unsecured promissory notes of large corporations.
 
Credit
Time allowed for the payment of goods or services sold on trust as well as confidence in the buyer's ability and intention to fulfill their financial obligations.
 
Creditor
The lender of the funds, to whom someone owes a loan.
 
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D

DDA
Demand Deposit Account
 
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E

ECOA
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
 
Equity
An accounting term used to describe the net investment of owners or stockholders in a business. Under the accounting equation, equity also represents the result of assets less liabilities.
 
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